In 2001, Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. and Diann Hammer, Esq. founded Hammer Consulting LLC in response to growing requests to share Dr. Hammer's cutting-edge knowledge and skills to professionals engaged in improving intercultural competence and resolving conflict and crisis across cultures. The success of this venture lead to the creation of several new entities to support the array of unique products and services. The Intercultural Conflict Style Inventory (ICS) is managed through Hammer Consulting LLC. Products and services for the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) are handled through the IDI, LLC. Crisis management and hostage negotiation services based on the S.A.F.E. Model are arranged through S.A.F.E. Hostage Operations, LLC.